Chemical weapons are the easiest in obtaining weapons of mass destruction. One of the main classes of chemical weapons are organophosphorus compounds. “The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction” (CWC) of January 13, 1993 is the key international instrument for non-proliferation and destruction of chemical weapons. Despite numerous efforts of the Russian Federation and international community to destroy chemical weapons, there is a risk of their use in military conflicts and terrorist acts. It is impossible to exclude the probability of domestic poisoning with organophosphorus pesticides. The article is devoted to the current state and discussion of problems and promising methods of protection, a therapy after poisoning with organophosphorus compounds related to household pesticides and chemical weapons, the use of which is possible for terrorist purposes, as well as of monitoring compliance with international conventions for their nonuse and destruction. Nowadays, the solution of problems associated with chemical weapons must be realized in a variety of ways. In particular, first of all, it is necessary to single out: (i) development of new methods for the destruction of chemical weapons in compliance with the norms of both environmental safety and the safety of the personnel involved in the implementation of this task; (ii) development of highly sensitive detection methods for accurate and timely detection of combat and domestic toxic agents; (iii) creation of effective therapeutic drugs for the prevention of poisoning by substances related to chemical weapons, and (iv) monitoring of the current situation in the implementation of international agreements on the destruction of stockpiles and possible threats of the use of these weapons. Thus, it can be argued that not only active work to destroy them, but also an effective implementation of a complex of scientific and technical developments in the treatment of the relevant poisoning consequences, as well as a set of measures to monitor threats to the production and use of chemical weapons will help ensure the security of the Russian Federation and the entire world community in this field.