Introduction. Traditional methods of pre-transplant conditioning provoke acute organ damage. Immunotherapeutic drugsthat target various markers of blood cells are safer. This potential is possessed by drugs based on cytotoxic immune cells. Theiruse may concurrently address two treatment objectives — residual tumor clearance (induction of remission) and myeloabla-tion — consequently improving graft acceptance while preventing graft-versus-host disease development.Aim: to systematize information on the use of cell therapy in patients with hematologic malignancies and to evaluate the roleof such therapy in preparing patients for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Main findings. Current conditioning regimens and their rationale were reviewed. Approaches to the use of immunotherapeu-tic agents based on cytotoxic immune cells for the treatment of patients with hematologic neoplasms are discussed, and therole of such therapy in preparing patients for HSCT is outlined.