Our Research Topic titled Venoms, animal and microbial toxins, volume II is centered on the characteristics of animal, plant, microbial toxins, and their molecular/cellular targets. It also addresses whole animal venoms, which contain a complex mixture of diverse toxins. Venomous animals and microbes are the natural sources of many toxins. These toxins vary in size, nature, and mode of action. They mainly act on ion channels, enzymes, receptors, and neurotransmitter release to produce an acute pathophysiological effect. Animal venom and microbial molecules behave as candidate therapeutics or biological weapons because of their unique potencies, rapid mode of action and wide range of bioactivities.