GD2-specific CAR-T cells armored with membrane form of IL-15 efficiently target GD2 positive cancer cells in vitro
Chimeric antigen receptor modifiedT (CART) cells rapidly became an essential tool for CD19+ hematologic cancer treatment. Genetic retargeting of a T cell with aCAR enables a new antigenspecificity through the singlechain variable fragment, which is derived from a tumorspecific antibody. CAR also consists oftransmembrane, costimulatory, and CD3z signaling domains. This construct allows T cells to recognize cancerspecific antigens in an MHCindependent manner,facilitates activation and release of cytotoxic cytokines when the target is recognized. There are several limitations to effectively exploit CART cells for solid tumortreatment, including the suppressive activity of tumor stroma and poor migration of effectors to tissue. The aim of the project is to improve GD2, and L1CAM targetedCART cells by coexpression with membraneanchored cytokines. At this point, the lentiviral transduction efficiency reached approximately 60% with the antiGD2CAR construct, while CAR+ cells were almost equally represented by CD4+ and CD8+ populations. Bicistronic expression of surface cytokine IL15/IL15Radownstream P2A and antiGD2 CAR led to a significant decrease in transduction efficiency (15% CAR+; 5% IL15+; 5% IL15Ra+) and remains to be optimized.Although the main advantages of IL15/IL15Ra should be observed in vivo, its expression correlates with better survival of T cells in vitro. Both IL15/IL15Ra positiveand negative antiGD2 CART cells proved to specifically kill GD2+ target cells of neuroblastoma and glioma origin (IMR32, T98G) at 5:1 – 20:1 E:T ratio. However,degranulation analyzed by CD107a staining was much lower than that of antiCD19 CART. Thus, GD2 targeted CART cells armored with membrane form of IL15specifically kill GD2+ cancer cells in vitro and may serve as a prospective tool for neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and glioma immunotherapy application.