Currently, an increase in the frequency of fungal infections has become an urgent problem. More than 1.5 million people die from fungal diseases every year. The most susceptible to mycoses are people with immunodeficiency states, which develop in the case of HIV infections, as well as immunosuppressive therapy for malignant tumors, autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation. The latest data also show that the severe acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), associated with immunosuppressive therapy, is often accompanied by the development of lymphopenia and the uprising of opportunistic fungal infections, which is characterized by high mortality. The list of conventional antimycotics used today is limited, and these antifungal drugs have a number of disadvantages, including a high toxicity and the development of severe side effects. In addition, the spreading of multidrug-resistant fungal strains makes this problem is extremely urgent. All this together makes the search for fundamentally new antifungal agents and approaches in the treatment of fungal infections such priority as never before. Peptides of the plant innate immune system, namely defensins, can become prototypes of new antifungal agents. Plant defensins have a compact structure stabilized by four disulfide bonds, which ensures their high stability. They have a pronounced antifungal activity against not only phytopathogenic, but also human pathogenic microorganisms, including those causing invasive fungal infections. Plant defensins are outstand by a variety of mechanisms of antifungal action, which is based on interaction with specific lipid components of the fungal membranes, due to which they have low toxicity to human cells. In addition, it has been suggested that representatives of this class of peptides, in addition to antifungal action, can have an immunostimulatory impact on the human immune system. This project is aimed at solving a fundamental scientific problem - the study of plant defensins as possible antifungal agents with immunostimulatory properties. The applied significance of the project is due to the possibility of developing new therapies for treatment of fungal infections.