Aging Modulates the Ability of Quiescent Stem Cells in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus to be Recruited into Division by Pro‑neurogenic Stimuli
Transient or persistent perturbations of the balance between quiescence and division of the hippocampal stem cells due to a brain pathology or therapy can lead to unfavorable long-term outcomes such as premature depletion of their pool, decreased neuronal renewal, and cognitive deficit. Here, using a recently developed method for detection of de novo dividing cells, the members of the redox biology group and the laboratory of molecular technologies from the Department of Metabolism and Redox Biology, IBCH RAS, in the collaboration with colleagues from IHNA&NPh revealed that long-term stimulation of divisions of quiescent stem cells led to premature exhaustion of their pool and that aging of the brain modulates the ability of the quiescent stem cells to be recruited into the cell cycle by pro-neurogenic stimuli. Results of the study have a number of implications for the practical assessment of drugs and treatments with respect to their action on quiescent stem cells at different stages of life in animal preclinical studies. The work is published in the Molecular Neurobiology.
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- Venom-gland transcriptomics and venom proteomics of the Tibellus oblongus spider
science news
XI.28 The Scientific Data journal published the paper “Transcriptomics of Venom Glands and Proteomics of Venom of the Spider Tibellus Oblongus,” which describes a comprehensive study of the venom of the Central Asian spider. As a result of the analysis of the transcriptome of the venom glands and the venom proteome, more than 200 new peptide molecules were discovered, including both toxins with a classical organization and with unique structural motifs.
- Open AccessArticle Galectin-9 as a Potential Modulator of Lymphocyte Adhesion to Endothelium via Binding to Blood Group H Glycan
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IX.25 Adhesion of leukocytes is a key stage in their trafficking into sites of inflammation. This process is mediated through the interaction of integrins, selectins or CD44, while the role of galectins is not completely clear. It is known that galectins are capable of interacting with oligolactosamines of endothelial cells, and also that in vitro tandem-type galectins (Gal-4, -8 and -9) bind with high affinity to glycans of the ABH blood group system. This work shows that in a cell lines system gal-9 mediates lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells through binding to their H-glycan, suggesting that lymphocyte adhesion to endothelium in the circulation occurs similarly and is regulated by the level of galectin-9 expression.
- Fractal droplets
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IX.11 Biological polymers (proteins, nucleic acids and their mixtures) are able to form macromolecular complexes in solution, which at a certain saturating concertation of a polymer grow in size and when crossing the diffraction limit (0.25 µm) become visible under the microscope. Such microscopically observed spherical liquid-like formations have various naming depending on a context such as: «coacervate droplets», biomolecular condensates, etc. Although these polymer droplets (especially proteinaceous) gained numerous attentions of scientist during the last century, e. g. as potential «protocells» in «the primordial soup» according to the life-origin hypothesis by Alexander Oparin, active studies of their functional roles in the living cells flourished in the recent decades.