Liposomes and lipid-based supramolecular systems have been used in clinical practice for more than 30 years as drug carriers and vaccines for the treatment of oncological diseases and infections. Starting with liposomal formulations for small-molecule drugs (amphotericin B, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, etc.), lipid nanoparticles with siRNA used for gene therapy (Onnpatro®) and mRNA vaccines (from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna) have become available in recent years. Due to their clinical success, extensive research on lipid carriers is ongoing. The studies delve into the creation of new formulations to expand the range of active pharmaceutical ingredients for delivery, including targeting, the behavior of various formulations in the bloodstream and immune system reactions, as well as many other aspects related to the fabrication and use of lipid carriers.